Many of the tablets that do mention medical practices have survived from the library of Asshurbanipal, the last great king of Assyria.

The library of Asshurbanipal was housed in the king's palace at Nineveh, and when the palace was burned by invaders, around 20,000 clay tablets were baked (and thereby preserved) by the great fire.

Although the oldest surviving copies dates to around 1600 BCE, the information contained in the text is an amalgamation of several centuries of Mesopotamian medical knowledge

Over a thousand medical tablets found in the library of Asshurbanipal, plus other sites including the library of a medical practitioner (an asipu) from Neo-Assyrian Assur have been published.

Diagnostic treatments includes everything from head to toe with seperate subsections covering convulsive disorders, gynecology and pediatrics.

It is unfortunate that the antiquated translations available at present to the non-specialist make ancient Mesopotamian medical texts sound like excerpts from a sorceror's handbook.

In fact, as recent research is showing, the descriptions of diseases contained in the tablets demonstrate a keen ability to observe and are usually astute.

Virtually all expected diseases can be found described in parts and when those parts are fully preserved, we understand they are for neurology, fevers, worms and flukes, VD and skin lesions.

The medical texts are, moreover, essentially rational, and some of the treatments, as for example those designed for excessive bleeding (where all the plants mentioned can be easily identified), are essentially the same as modern treatments for the same condition.

http://www.indiana.edu/~ancmed/meso.HTM