Freedom, beauty, and wisdom were the three chief ideals of the Greeks. They were therefore the goal of all Greek education. According to the ideal Greek conception a properly sound spirit can dwell only in a sound body. The Greek could scarcely think of a beautiful spirit in an ugly body. "Mens sana in corpore sano." (Lat.) Therefore to true education belonged not only the exercise of mental characteristics, such as courage, activity, prudence, knowledge, art, but likewise the strengthening of the body through regular physical exercise. This should develop strength, dexterity, physical beauty, and, in conjunction with the higher spiritual training, conduce to the highest human excellence.

I. The Greek ideal for soul and body. For the Greek, beauty and virtue were inseparable. They saw the ideal man in the conjunction of a noble soul with a beautiful body. In his language the word for "beautiful" (Gk. kalos) meant also "good." Everything beautiful must be also good. Indeed, for this duality he coined a special double word, which comes in no other