A parallel that just struck me elucidating somewhat the dynamics that gave Spartan women such a prominent role in Spartan society is that of the women of Iceland:due to the fact that their husbands had to spend an immence amount of time fishing (the most important source of income), the women had to take hold of households AND the goverment!To such an extent was this custom aqpplied that it was made kind of formal.Until today women hold the reins of Iceland and occupy most stations and offices,unlike their fellow Europeans...

Of course,the Spartan case was much different as women were not equated with men,but it gives some idea of how respect may be earned on grounds of efficient & creative contribution!