Quechua - Language 'n Knots
Quechua, or "Runasimi" (people mouth), was the language spoken by the citizens of the Incan
Empire. The Incas extended the language into Ecuador,
Bolivia, and Chile, and after the Spanish conquest, it was used as a trade and missionary
language, so it spread
further to Colombia, Brazil, and Argentina. Still today, there are over ten million speakers of
Quechua living in
South America.
Incas did not have a written language, but they did use a system of knots tied in ropes attached to a longer cord, called quipu or khipu. The multi-colored khipus were used to encode
information of census counts and tax accounting, but so far no one has deciphered them ( here's a link to one Khipu research group.
Our Inti Raymi celebration includes a Khipu Code-hunt.
Quechua words used in English:
- Coca, Cocaine, Condor, Guanaco, Guano, Jerky, Llama, Pampa, Puma, Quinine, Quinoa, Soroche
(mountain sickness), and Vicuña.
Pronunciation for English Speakers:
Vowel Sounds:
- "ay" as in eye,
"aw" as in out,
"ey" as in eight,
"iy" as in eat,
"oy" as in oink,
"uy" as in whea,
Consonants Sounds:
- Try to sound like a German, whose clearing his throat, like a spitting llama. "ll" has
an ly-sound as in William. These are, of course simplified instructions, as Quechua has several different dialects.
For the MP Movie House "Hatun Kichay" (Grand Opening):
- No "Yana ñawi" (black eyes), por favor, or "K'ayna wata p'acha" (Last year's dress)! Puka
wirp'a (Red lips) and "Mana
q'anra chukcha" (clean hair) with "Kulli waita" (purple flower) or "K'ello t'ika" (yellow
flower) is often enough.
For those who want to dazzle other people on the "Puka alfombrataq" (Red Carpet): "Paqo p'acha"
(Golden dress) is a
must, but remember that Yana (black) is always fashionable. You may ask other people "Iman
sutiyki?" (What is your
name), to which a blond bombshell might answer: "Marilynmi Monroemi sutiy" (My name is Marilyn
Monroe).
- "Kukupin" means both liver and top of the head, inside which is "Nosqhon" (Brain), and
"Hawas phasi" (Toasted and
cooked fava bean) completes the meal, tho Hannibal Lecter might have to do with "Kulli Aqa"
(Purple Corn Chicha) with
it. If you don't like horror movies references, just order some delicious Inca Cola and
Pisingalld (pop corn), and
you're set to watch the show, which will be a cartoon, but not the "Riti Yuraq & Qanchis Aslla
Runa" (Snow White & the
7 Little People). Enjoy the food, drinks and the feature show of "The Mysterious Cities of Gold"
- which includes several imagined examples of quipu usage - and you'll be on
"Phuyu Isqon" (Cloud Nine). But do not eat too much or you have to say: Noq'a Mihuyrqan Ancha
Pisingalld (I ate too much
popcorn) & Q'echa onqoywan kashani (I have the sh*&s). Or if you drink too much chicka you might
have a "Chuchaqui" (hangover) in the morning.
Words to shout during Americas Inti Raymi 2007:
- Achalau! (How pretty!); Añau!, (Wonderful! Wow!); Kausachum! (Hooray!); Atakachau! (How
exciting!); Kusa! (Great!); Munani aqata! (I want chicha!); Yarjawanmi! (I'm hungry!); Mmm, qowi! (Mmm, guinea pig!); Pin
kanki?! (Who are you?!); Munanki?! (What do you want?!); Uchuta mana munanichu! (I don't want
chili!); and Ajajay! (How funny!).
FinFun facts: Quechua vs. Finnish
- Do not call your father "Papa", as it means potato... he might think you're referring to his
tv watching habit;
call him Taytay, (my daughter calls me "Tata")... tho in Finnish Paappa and Taatta both mean the
same: Grandfather. I
used to call my daughter "Vauva" (baby), which is almost the same in Quechua: "Wawa".
- "Kiro" means Tooth, and in Finnish "swearing", so if your tooth hurts, it's fitting to
swear...
- "Pupu" means Belly button (in Finnish 'bunny'); so if you see a girl with a belly button
showing, you might call
her a bunny.
- A common name for a [black] dog in Finland is "Piki" (pitch), but in Quechua it means a
"Flea"... so if your dog
has fleas, you might call him "Piki", even if he's not pitch black.
- Rit'i (Snow) means the same in Finnish, as in the song: "Rati Riti Ralla, [came the winter,
frost]".
- And as I mentioned "Kulli" (purple); in Finnish it means something else, the tip of which is
indeed purple, but
that is for another site...
- (more "
FinFun facts" later, if we ever get a hood of Hawaii...)
Common Words and expressions:
- Inti (Sun),
Killa (Moon),
Qoyllor (Star),
Kura (Priest),
- Noq'a (I),
Qam (You),
Pai (He/She),
Ñoqanchis (We)v
Qamkuna (You, plural),
Paikuna (They).
- Ari (Yes), Manan (No), Yaw! (Hi!), Napaykullayki! (Greetings!), Yusulpayki (Thanks),
Imamanta (You're welcome), Juq ratukama (See you later), Allillanchu? (How are you?), Allillanmi
(I am fine), Qosqomantan kani (I'm from Cusco), Qosqotam rishiani (I'm going to Cuzco).
Numbers:
- 1 Juq,
2 Iskai,
3 Kimsa,
4 Tawa,
5 Pisqa,
6 Soqta,
7 Qanchis,
8 Pusaq,
9 Isqon,
10 Chunka,
100 Pachaj and
1,000 Warank'a.
More Colors:
- Anqas (Blue),
Oqe (Gray),
Q'omer (Green),
Ch'umpi (Hazel-Brown),
Allqa (Brown),
Paru (Orange),
Titi (color of lead),
O'ke (Light Blue).
Sites to learn more Quechua:
Google in Quechua
Quechua Wikipedia
Sources:
- http://www.andes.org/
- http://www.pitt.edu/~mfeke/learnquechua/index.html
- http://www.zompist.com/quechua.html
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